Explore Dhaka

 

Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh and the pivotal megalopolis of Dhaka District. Located on the banks of the Buriganga River, Dhaka, inclusively with its metropolitan area, has a population of 11 million, making it the maximum pivotal megalopolis in Bangladesh and one of the most vibrant withinside the world. Under Mughal rule withinside the seventeenth century, the megalopolis have come also known as Jahangir Nagar, and have come every a parochial capital and a center of the world-massive muslin alternate. The present day megalopolis, but, have come advanced especially beneath British rule withinside the nineteenth century, and soon have end up the alternate- largest megalopolis in Bengal after Calcutta. With the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka have end up the government capital of East Pakistan, and latterly, in 1972, the capital of an unprejudiced Bangladesh. During the intermediating period, the megalopolis witnessed sizeable fermentation; this defended numerous assessments of martial law, the statement of Bangladesh's independence, cortege repression, desolation at some point of war, and natural disasters. ultramodern Dhaka is the center of political, artistic and fiscal life in Bangladesh. It has every the great knowledge charge and the most multitudinous financial contrivance amongst Bangladeshi metropolises. Although its city structure is the most advanced withinside the country, it but faces stressful conditions which incorporates pollution, traffic, force dearths, poverty and crime. In state- of- the- art decades, Dhaka has seen modernization of transport, dispatches and public workshop. The megalopolis is attracting mammoth distant places investment and fresh volumes of alternate and alternate. It's also passing an developing affluence of people from at some point of the nation.

History

The megacity passed to the control of the British East India Company in 1765 after the Battle of Plassey. The megacity's population shrank dramatically during this period as the elevation of Kolkata rose, but substantial development and modernization ultimately followed. Under British rule, numerous ultramodern educational institutions, public workshop and townships were developed. A ultramodern communal water force system was introduced in 1874 and electricity force launched in 1878. The Dhaka Cantonment was established near the megacity, serving as a base for British and Indian dogfaces. During the unproductive Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka was declared to be the capital of the recently established state of Eastern Bengal and Assam, but Bengal was reunited in 1911.

Capital of Bangladesh

Following the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka came the capital of East Bengal as a part of the new Muslim state of Pakistan. The megacity witnessed collaborative violence that left thousands of people dead. A large proportion of the megacity's Hindu population departed for India, while the megacity entered hundreds of thousands of Muslim emigrants. The megacity's population rose dramatically in a veritably short period of time, creating severe dearths and infrastructural problems. As the center of indigenous politics, Dhaka saw an adding number of political strikes and incidents of violence. The relinquishment of Urdu as the sole sanctioned language of Pakistan led to kick marches involving large crowds. Known as the Bengali Language Movement, the demurrers redounded in police blasting on and killing scholars who were demonstrating peacefully. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Dhaka remained a seedbed of political exertion, and the demands for autonomy for the Bengali population gradationally gained instigation. In 1970, the Bhola cyclone devastated much of the region, killing an estimated,000 people. further than half the megacity of Dhaka was swamped and millions of people were deserted. With public wrathfulness growing against ethnical demarcation, and frustration with the shy cyclone relief sweats of the central government, Bengali politician Sheikh Mujibur Rahman held a nationalist gathering on March 7, 1971, at the Race Course Ground. An estimated one million people attended the gathering, which lead to the March 26 protestation of Bangladesh's independence. In response, the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight, which led to the apprehensions, torture and payoff of hundreds of thousands of people, substantially Hindus and Bengali intellectualists. The fall of the megacity to the Indian Army on December 16 marked the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh. Thepost-independence period has seen a rapid-fire and massive growth of the megacity population, attracting emigrant workers from pastoral areas across Bangladesh. A real estate smash has followed the expansion of megacity limits and the development of new agreements similar as Gulshan, Banani and Motijheel.

Geography and Climate

Dhaka is found in central Asian nation at on the jap banks of the Buriganga watercourse. The megacity lies on the lower rung of the river Delta and covers a complete space of815.85 sq. kilometres( 315 sq mi). It consists of seven prime thanas — Dhanmondi, Kotwali, Motijheel, Paltan, Ramna, Mohammadpur, Sutrapur, Tejgaon — and fourteen supplementary thanas — Gulshan, Lalbagh, Mirpur, Pallabi, Sabujbagh, Dhaka camp, Demra, Hazaribagh, Shyampur, Badda, Kafrul, Kamrangir domestic help, Khilgaon and Uttara. In total the megacity has one hundred thirty wards and 725 mohallas. Dhaka quarter has a region of1463.60 sq. kilometres( 565 sq mi); and is delimited by the sections of Gazipur, Tangail, Munshiganj, Rajbari, Narayanganj, Manikganj. Tropical foliage and wettish soils characterize the land, that is flat and shut to ocean position. This leaves Dhaka liable to flooding throughout the electric storm seasons attributable to significant downfall and cyclones. Dhaka gests a hot, wet and sticky tropical climate. The megacity is at intervals the electric storm climate zone, with AN periodic average temperature of twenty five °C( seventy seven °F) and yearly means that varied between eighteen °C( sixty four °F) in Jan and twenty nine °C( eighty four °F) in August. Nearly eighty % of the periodic average downfall of,854 millimetres( seventy three in) happens between might and Gregorian calendar month. Dhaka is facing serious environmental pitfalls from pollution caused by the megacity's rapid-fire growth, traffic and artificial acquisition. adding air and pollution expiring from business traffic and artificial waste affects public health and therefore the quality of life within the megacity. Water bodies and washes around Dhaka face extermination as they are crammed in to constructmulti-storied structures and alternative land developments. in addition to pollution, similar corrosion of natural territories threatens to destroy abundant of the native multifariousness.

Civic administration

The capital of Bangladesh municipality was supported on August 1, 1864 and upgraded to "corporation" standing in 1978. The capital of Bangladesh town Corporation may be a autonomous corporation that runs the affairs of the town. The incorporated space is split into many wards, that have elective commissioners. The politician of the town is elective by widespread vote each 5 years, and also the post is presently control by Sadeque Hossain Khoka. The capital of Bangladesh Education Board is accountable for administering all public faculties and most non-public faculties with the exception of English-medium faculties and madrassahs. All madrassahs in Bangladesh square measure ruled by a central board, whereas English-medium faculties have separate instructional and governance structures. capital of Bangladesh suffers from a inveterately high rate and frequent incidences of political and non secular violence. associate degree inadequate and unequipped law enforcement agency has caused governments to often deploy the Bangladesh Army and paramilitary forces in major efforts to curb crime. except for metropolis, capital of Bangladesh is that the solely town within the country with a water-borne installation, however this serves solely twenty five p.c of the population whereas another thirty p.c square measure served with septic tanks. solely simple fraction of households in capital of Bangladesh square measure served by the town water system. over nine.7 million heaps of solid wastes square measure made in capital of Bangladesh town every year. whereas non-public and government efforts have succeeded in collection garbage city-wide and victimisation it as manure, most solid wastes square measure usually drop untreated in near low-lying areas and water bodies. capital of Bangladesh has one in all the best rates of death from communicable disease of any town in Asia. the town is split into 10 parliamentary constituencies. the 2 main political parties square measure the Awami League and also the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Ramna contains the Secretariat, that homes most of the govt ministries. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh and also the capital of Bangladesh tribunal square measure situated within the town. The Bangabhaban palace has served because the official residence of the Viceroy of Bharat, the governor of {east pakistan ,Bangladesh ,People's Republic of Bangladesh ,East Pakistan ,Asian country ,Asian nation} and presently the President of Bangladesh. The Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban, designed by celebrated designer Louis Louis Isadore Kahn, homes the unicameral national parliament. The Baitul Mukarram, developed with a style resembling the shrine of Mecca, is that the national place of worship. alternative historical monuments within the town embody the Bara Katra palace, the Lalbagh Fort, the Hoseni Dalan and also the Ahsan Manzil.

Economy

Dhaka is that the business heart of Asian nation. city includes a vast category population, increasing the marketplace for trendy consumer and luxury merchandise. many virtuoso workers unit of measurement used inside the companies and industries set inside the capital of Bangladesh metropolitan house. City has historically attracted AN large sort of migrant workers. Hawkers, peddlers, little shops, rickshaws transport, margin vendors ANd stalls use an large section of the population — rickshaw-drivers alone selection as many as four hundred,000. The workforce is employed in unit and unorganized labour, whereas relating to 800,000 add the textile trade. Even so, state remains high at twenty 3 p.c. keep with CityMayors Statistics, Dhaka's value registered at $52 billion in 2005 with associate annual rate of growth of six.1 percent. Its projected value for the year 2020 is $126 billion. The annual per capita gain of capital of Bangladesh is countable at $550, although AN large section of the population lives below the poverty line, with many living on however $3 each day. the foremost business districts of city embrace Motijheel, Panthapath and Gulshan. Bashundhara city is also a recently developed economic house that homes many refined industries and corporations and a mall that is one of the foremost necessary in geographic region, frequented daily by over twenty 5,000 people. The Export method Zone in capital of Bangladesh was chanced on to encourage the export of garments, textiles and completely different merchandise. The EPZ is home to eighty factories, that use mostly women. The capital of Bangladesh exchange depends inside the city, as unit of measurement most of the massive companies and banks of Asian nation, along with the Asian nation Bank, HSBC, Citibank and additionally the Grameen Bank. Urban developments have sparked a widespread construction boom, inflicting new high-rise buildings and skyscrapers to change city landscape. Growth has been notably durable inside the finance, banking, producing, telecommunications and services sectors, whereas business, hotels and restaurants continue as important elements of the capital of Bangladesh economy. continue as important rudiments of the Dhaka frugality.

Demographics

The population of national capital megacity( areas underneath the governance of the national capital megacity pot) stands at roughly6.7 million. The megacity, together with points forming the broader metropolitan space, is home to associate degree estimated11.9 million. The population is growing by associate degree estimated4.2 p.c once a year, one in every of the loftiest rates amongst Asian metropolises. The continued growth reflects current migration from pastoral areas to the national capital civic region, that reckoned for sixty p.c of the megacity's growth within the Sixties and Seventies. additional latterly, the megacity's population has additionally adult with the growth of megacity boundaries, a method that other additional than 1,000,000 individuals to the megacity within the Eighties. The population information rate of the megacity is calculable at62.3percent.The megacity population consists of peoples from nearly each region of Bangla Desh. The long- standing occupants of the previous megacity area unit called Dhakaia and have a particular shoptalk and culture. Between,000 to,000 of the Rohingya, Santal, Khasi, Garo, Chakma and Mandi cultural peoples sleep in the megacity. utmost residers of national capital speak Bengali, the general public language. varied distinctive Bengali cants and native languages similar as Chittagonian and Sylheti are spoken by components of the population. English is additionally spoken by an outsized member of the population, particularly for business functions. Urdu is spoken by members of severalnon-Bengali communities, together with the Biharis. Islam is that the predominant faith of Dhaka's individuals, with a maturity happiness to the Sunni aspect. There are vital religious order and Ahmadiya communities. Hinduism is that the alternate- largest faith and lower communities exercise Buddhism and Christianity. In recent times there are rising acts of spiritual violence, particularly from radical Moslem teams. Moslem teams are criticized for targeting Hindus, Christians and Ahmadiyas similarly as police and state authorities.

Culture

As the most spirited megacity of the state, capital of Bangladesh contains a spirited creative life. Annual fests for Independence Day( March 26), Language Killers' Day( February 21) and conclusion Day( Gregorian calendar month 16) area unit conspicuously command across the megacity. Dhaka's folks congregate at the martyr Minar and therefore the Jatiyo Smriti Soudho to celebrate the general public icons of the liberation war. These occasions area unit discovered with public observances and rallies publically grounds. varied seminaries and sodalities organize carnivals andconcerts.Pohela Baishakh, the Bengali year, falls annually on Pan American Day and is popularly celebrated across the megacity. massive crowds of individuals gather on the thoroughfares of Shahbag, Ramna Park and therefore the heap of the University of capital of Bangladesh for fests. the foremost standard kind of dress for ladies is sarees or shalwar tunic, whereas men usually like western attire to the standard piece of material. The Hindu deity Puja is that the most significant Hindu day of remembrance of the time. massive processions of Hindus perform non secular songs, balls, prayers and observances for immortal Hindu deity. The Muslim carnivals of Eid ul- Fitr and Eid ul- Adha involve wide fests, with massive figures of Muslims attending prayers in kirks across the megacity; capital of Bangladesh being referred to as the' town of Kirks'. For vital of recent history, capital of Bangladesh was characterised by wayside requests and little retailers that vended a good type of merchandise. Recent times have seen the wide construction of looking promenades, multiplexes, hospices and caffs attracting Dhaka's growing middle- category and fat residers. along side Bangladeshi change of state and South Asian variants, an oversized selection in Western and Chinese change of state area unit served at numberless caffs and beaneries. Despite the growing fashionability of music teams and gem bands, ancient ethnic music remains extensively standard. The ghazal songs of artists like Runa Laila and therefore the workshop of the general public minstrel Kazi Nazrul Islam and of Rabindranath Tagore even have a good following across capital of Bangladesh. The Baily Road space is understood as Natak Para( Theater Neighborhood) that is that the center of Dhaka's thriving theater movement. Indian and Pakistani music and flicks area unit popular massive components of Dhaka's population. Asian nation Betar is that the state- run primary supplier of radio services, and broadcasts a range of programming in Bangla and English. In recent times varied personal radio networks are established within the megacity. Asian nation tv is that the state- run broadcasting network that gives a good type of programs in Bangla and English. Cable and satellite networks similar as Channel I, ATN Bangla, RTV, NTV and STAR TV area unit amongst the foremost standard channels. the most services of utmost business enterprise homes in Asian nation area unit grounded in capital of Bangladesh. The Prothom Alo and therefore the Daily Ittefaq area unit the foremost standard amongst the big range of Bangla language domestics, diurnals and different publications within the megacity. The Daily Star and therefore the freelance area unit the biggest English- language domestics revealed within the megacity. though cellular phones area unit gaining fashionability, below tenth of homes have phonephone access.

Transport

Cycle Cabs and bus cabs ar the most mode of transport for the occupants of the megacity, with getting ready to,40000 cabs running day after day — the biggest range for any megacity within the world still, only about,80000 cabs ar certified by the megacity government. Fairly low- price andnon-polluting, cycle cabs withal bring forth business traffic and are prohibited from varied passageway of the megacity. Public motorcars ar operated by the state- run Asian nation Road Transport Corporation( BRTC) and by personal corporations and drivers. Scooters, hacks and intimately- possessed motorcars are becoming decreasingly fashionable the megacity's growing middle- category. the govt. has overseen the relief of two- stroke machine hacks with" inexperienced taxis," that run on compressed fossil fuel. Dhaka has,868 kilometres(,161 mi) of made-up roads. It's connected by roadways and road links to urban center, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Faridpur and Sylhet. trace links to the Indian metropolises of metropolis and Agartala are established by the BRTC that additionally runs regular machine services to those metropolises from capital of Bangladesh. The Kamalapur train depot and also the field( Biman Bandar) train depot ar the most road stations furnishing trains on residential district and public routes operated by the state- run Asian nation Railway. The Sadarghat Port on the banks of the Buriganga stream serves the transportation of products and passengers upstream and to different anchorages in Asian nation, and South Asia. The Zia International airdrome is that the largest and busiest within the nation. The state- run Biman Asian nation Airlines is that the primary airline pot grounded at the sphere, though personal carriers ar gaining fashionability.

Education

Dhaka has the biggest variety of colleges, faculties and universities of any Bangladeshi town. The education system is split into four levels: Primary (from grades one to 5), Secondary (from grades half-dozen to 10), Higher Secondary (from grades eleven to 12) and tertiary. The 5 years of lower pedagogy concludes with a lyceum Certificate (SSC) examination. Students World Health Organization pass this examination proceed to 2 years of upper Secondary or intermediate coaching, that culminate in an exceedingly Higher lyceum (HSC) examination. Education is especially offered in Bangla, however English is additionally unremarkably educated and used. an oversized variety of Muslim families send their kids to attend part-time courses or maybe to pursue regular spiritual education, that is imparted in Bangla and Arabic in madrasahs. The capital of Bangladesh school is that the oldest establishment of upper education within the town and amongst the earliest established in British Republic of India, based in 1840. Since independence, capital of Bangladesh has seen the institution of an oversized variety of public and personal faculties and universities that supply undergrad and graduate degrees additionally as a spread of student programmes. The University of capital of Bangladesh is that the largest public university within the nation with over thirty,000 students and one,300 school workers. The university additionally boasts eighteen analysis centers and seventy departments, schools and institutes. establishments of upper education embrace the Jahangirnagar University and therefore the Bangla Desh University of Engineering and Technology, that is that the premier technical university within the nation. The capital of Bangladesh Medical school and therefore the Sir Salimullah Medical school area unit among the biggest and most revered medical faculties within the nation. Dhaka's school campuses area unit usually hotbeds of political conflict., and school campuses area unit often noncontinuous by protests, strikes and violence initiated by student activists.

Sports

Cricket and soccer ar the 2 most well liked sports in Dacca and across the state. groups ar fielded in intra-city and national competitions by an outsized range of colleges, faculties and personal entities. The Mohammedan Sports Club and Abahani ar the most important soccer and cricket groups, maintaining a fierce group action. several Bangladeshi cricketers and soccer players like Arab chief Aslam, ottar Ali Khan, Emperor Hamid, and Muhammad Ashraful hail from Dacca. The Bangla Desh|Asian country|Asian nation} cricket team's victories over Pakistan in 1999, Bharat in 2004 and even the overseas win against Australian cricket team in 2005 were celebrated by thousands of individuals UN agency congregated on the streets of the town. Dacca has the excellence of getting hosted the primary official check match of the Pakistan cricket team in 1954 against Bharat. The Bangabandhu National sports stadium was erst the most venue for domestic and international cricket matches, however currently completely hosts soccer matches. it's a possible host for the gap ceremony of the 2011 Cricket World Cup furthermore being host to six matches to be vie in Bangladesh. The newly-built Fatullah Khan Saheb Osman Ali sports stadium hosts most of the domestic Associate in Nursingd international fixtures of cricket with an audience capability of fifteen,000. The Bangladesh Sports electrical device, to blame for promoting sports activities across the state is predicated in Dacca. Dacca additionally has stadiums for the most part used for domestic events like the Sher-e-Bangla Mirpur sports stadium (in Mirpur), the Dhanmondi Cricket sports stadium and therefore the Outer sports stadium Ground. The Dacca University Ground hosts several extramural tournaments.